Latest Issue
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Current status and future prospects of stomatology research
Abstract：Research in stomatology (dental medicine) continues to expand globally and is oriented towards solving clinical issues, focusing on clarifying the clinical relevance and potential mechanisms of oral-systemic connections via clinical epidemiology, oral microecological characterization, and the establishment of animal models. Interdisciplinary integration of materials science and tissue engineering with stomatology is expected to lead to the creation of innovative materials and technologies to better resolve the most prevalent and challenging clinical issues such as peri-implantitis, soft and hard tissue defects, and dentin hypersensitivity. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, 5G technology, and big data applications, ‘intelligent stomatology’ is emerging to build models for better clinical diagnosis and management, accelerate the reform of education, and support the growth and advancement of scientific research. Here, we summarize the current research status, and list the future prospects and limitations of these three aspects, aiming to provide a basis for more accurate etiological exploration, novel treatment methods and abundant big data analysis in stomatology to promote the translation of research achievements into practical applications for both clinicians and the public.Keywords：Stomatology;Dental medicine;Systemic Diseases;Materials;Innovative techniques- 4
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Published：2023-05-24 -
Application of interim PET in first-line treatment decision-making for lymphoma
Abstract：Recent advances in lymphoma treatment have significantly improved the survival of patients; however, the current approaches also have varying side effects. To overcome these, it is critical to implement individualized treatment according to the patient’s condition. Therefore, the early identification of high-risk groups and targeted treatment are important strategies for prolonging the survival time and improving the quality of life of patients. Interim positron-emission computed tomography (PET-CT, PET) has a high prognostic value, which can reflect chemosensitivity and identify patients for whom treatment may fail under this regimen. To date, many prospective clinical studies on interim-PET-adapted therapy have been conducted. In this review, we focus on the treatment strategies entailed in these studies, as well as the means and timing of interim-PET assessment, with the aim of exploring the efficacy and existing issues regarding interim-PET-adapted treatment. It is expected that the improved use of positron-emission computed tomography examination can facilitate treatment decision-making to identify precise treatment options.Keywords：Positron-emission computed-tomography;lymphoma;interim-PET adapted therapy- 10
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Published：2023-05-15 -
Cellulose nanofibril matrix drives the dynamic formation of spheroids
Abstract：Multicellular spheroids, which mimic the natural organ counterparts, allow the prospect of drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, their application is hampered by low processing efficiency or limited scale. This study introduces an efficient method to drive rapid multicellular spheroid formation by a cellulose nanofibril matrix. This matrix enables the facilitated growth of spheroids (within 48 hours) through multiple cell assembly into size-controllable aggregates with well-organized physiological microstructure. The efficiency, dimension, and conformation of the as-formed spheroids depend on the concentration of extracellular nanofibrils, the number of assembled cells, and the heterogeneity of cell types. The above strategy allows the robust formation mechanism of compacted tumoroids and hepatocyte spheroids.Keywords：Cellulose;Nanofibril;Matrix;Self-Assembly;Spheroid- 8
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Published：2023-05-15 -
Effects of Aeriscardovia aeriphila on growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune responses, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens
Abstract：Aeriscardovia aeriphila, also known as Bifidobacterium aerophilum, was isolated from the caecal contents of pigs and the faeces of cotton-top tamarin. Bifidobacterium species play important roles in preventing intestinal infections, decreasing cholesterol levels, and stimulating the immune system. In this study, we evaluated the effects of A. aeriphila on growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune functions, and gut microbiota in commercial broiler chickens. Chickens were orally gavaged with A. aeriphila (109 CFU/mL) for 21 days. The results showed that A. aeriphila treatment significantly increased the average daily gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001). The levels of serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were significantly increased following A. aeriphila treatment (P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase levels were decreased, whereas glucose and creatinine levels increased as a result of A. aeriphila treatment. Furthermore, the levels of serum antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (P < 0.01), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05), and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) were enhanced following A. aeriphila treatment. A. aeriphila treatment significantly increased the levels of serum IgA (P < 0.05), IgG (P < 0.01), IgM (P < 0.05), IL-4 (P < 0.05), IL-1 (P < 0.05), and IL-10 (P < 0.05). The broiler chicks in the A. aeriphila group had higher SIgA levels in the duodenum (P < 0.01), jejunum (P < 0.001), and cecum (P < 0.001) than those in the control group. The relative expression levels of IL-10 (P < 0.05), IL-4 (P < 0.001), and NF-kB (P < 0.001) mRNA in the mucosa of the intestine (including duodenum, jejunum, and cecum) of chicks were higher in the A. aeriphila group than in the control group. Phylum-level analysis revealed Firmicutes as the main phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, in both groups. The data also confirmed the presence of Terrabacteria, which includes Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriaceae and Aeriscardovia. In conclusion, oral administration of A. aeriphila could improve the growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, immune modulation and gut health of broilers. Our findings may provide important information for the application of A. aeriphila in poultry production.Keywords：Chickens;Aeriscardovia aeriphila;Gut health;Microbiome;Immune function- 19
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Published：2023-05-11 -
MRI-derived radiomics models for evaluation of diagnosis, aggressiveness and prognosis in prostate cancer:a review
Abstract：Prostate cancer (PCa) is a pernicious tumor with high heterogeneity, which creates a conundrum for making a precise diagnosis and choosing an optimal treatment approach. Multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) with anatomical and functional sequences has evolved as a routine and significant paradigm for the detection and characterization of PCa. Moreover, using radiomics to extract quantitative data has emerged as a promising field due to the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and image data processing. Radiomics acquires novel imaging biomarkers by extracting imaging signatures and establishes models for precise evaluation. Radiomics models provide a reliable and noninvasive alternative to aid in precision medicine, demonstrating advantages over traditional models based on clinicopathological parameters. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of related studies, specifically around the development and validation of radiomics models using MRI-derived image features. The current landscape of the literature, focusing mainly on PCa detection, aggressiveness, and prognosis evaluation, is reviewed and summarized. Rather than studies that exclusively focus on image biomarker identification and method optimization, models with high potential for universal clinical implementation are identified. Furthermore, we delve deeper into the critical concerns that different models can address and the obstacles that may arise in a clinical scenario. This review will encourage researchers to design models based on actual clinical needs, as well as assist urologists in gaining a better understanding of the promising results yielded by radiomics.Keywords：MRI;Radiomics;Prostate cancer;Predictive model- 15
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Published：2023-05-11 -
Modulating effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on immune disorders via gut microbiota and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rats with syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency
Abstract：The syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency (DSSD) is relatively common globally. Although the pathogenesis of DSSD remains unclear, evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota plays a significant role. Radix Astragali, used both as medicine and food, exerts the effects of tonifying spleen and qi. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) comprise a macromolecule substance extracted from the dried root of Radix Astragali, which has many pharmacological functions. However, whether APS mitigates the immune disorders underlying the DSSD syndrome via regulating gut microbiota and the relevant mechanism remains unknown. Here, we used DSSD rats induced by high-fat and low protein (HFLP) diet plus exhaustive swimming, and found that APS of moderate molecular weight increased the body weight gain and immune organ index, decreased the levels of IL-β, IL-6 and endotoxin, and suppressed the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, APS increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and changed its composition; it regulated 27 critical genera, such as reduced the abundance of Pseudoflavonifractor and Paraprevotella and increased that of Parasutterella, Parabacteroides, Clostridium XIVb, Oscillibacter, Butyricicoccus, and Dorea. APS also elevated the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); the correlation analysis indicated that 12 critical bacteria were related to the body weight gain and immune organ index. In general, our study demonstrated that APS ameliorated the immune disorders in DSSD rats via modulating their gut microbiota, especially for some bacteria involving immune and inflammatory response and SCFA production, as well as the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. This study provides an insight into the function of APS as a unique potential prebiotic through exerting systemic activities in treating DSSD.Keywords：Astragalus polysaccharides;Gut microbiota;TLR4/NF-κB pathway;Dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency;Immune disorder;Short-chain fatty acids- 17
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Published：2023-05-11 -
Genetic and histological relationship between pheromone-secreting tissues of the musk gland and skin of juvenile Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov, 1929)
Abstract：Background: The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov, 1929; FMD), which are considered as special skin glands, secrete a mixture of sebum, lipids and proteins into the musk pod. Together, these components form musk, which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season. However, the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered. Here, the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin. Methods: A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted. Then, based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland, skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD. These tissues were used for RNA-seq, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), and qRT-PCR experiments. Results: Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod, while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods. Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24% of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues. KEGG signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin, back skin and musk gland were enriched in biological development, the endocrine system, lipid metabolism, and other pathways. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division. Moreover, the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific. qRT-PCR and WB revealed that Sox9, Caveolin-1 and AR were expressed in all three tissues, although the expression levels differed among the tissues. According to the IHC results, Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland, hair follicle and musk gland cells, whereas Caveolin-1 was expressed in the cell membrane, and Sox9 and AR in musk glands and the back skin. Conclusion: The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue, and Sox9, Caveolin-1 and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.Keywords：Forest musk deer;Pheromones;Musk gland;Skin tissues;Transcriptome;Sebaceous glands- 15
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Published：2023-04-29 -
Ethical and legal implications of gene-editing in plant breeding: a systematic literature review
Abstract：Biotechnology policies and regulations must be revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in plant breeding technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques (NPBT) such as gene-editing have been applied to address the myriad of challenges in plant breeding, while the use of NPBT as emerging biotechnological tools raises legal and ethical concerns. This study aims to highlight how gene-editing is operationalized in the existing literature and examine the critical issues of ethical and legal issues of gene-editing for plant breeding. We carried out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to provide the current state of ethical and legal discourses surrounding this topic. We also identified critical research priority areas and policy gaps that must be addressed when designing the future governance of gene-editing in plant breeding.Keywords：Systematic literature review;Gene-editing;Plant breeding;Ethical and legal issues;Consequentialism;Virtue ethics principles- 14
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Published：2023-04-29 -
Detection and quantitative analysis of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures
Abstract：Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid formations within tumor tissue, with mainly B and T cell populations forming the organic aggregates. The presence of TLS in tumors has been strongly associated with patient responsiveness to immunotherapy regimens and improving tumor prognosis. Researchers have been motivated to actively explore TLS due to their bright clinical application prospects. Various studies have attempted to decipher TLS regarding their formation mechanism, structural composition, induction generation, predictive markers, and clinical utilization. Meanwhile, the scientific approaches to qualitative and quantitative descriptions are crucial for TLS studies. In terms of detection, hematoxylin and eosin(H&E), multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF), and 12 chemokine gene signature have been the top approved methods. However, no standard methods exist for the quantitative analysis of TLS, such as absolute TLS count, analysis of TLS constituent cells, structural features, TLS spatial location, density, maturity, etc. This study reviews the latest research progress on TLS detection and quantification, proposes new directions for TLS assessment, and addresses issues for the quantitative application of TLS in the clinic.Keywords：Tertiary lymphoid structures;Tumor microenvironment;Chemokine signature;Spatial omics;Artificial intelligence;Radiomics- 14
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Published：2023-04-29 -
FOXO1-miR-506 axis promotes chemosensitivity to temozolomide and suppresses invasiveness in glioblastoma through a feedback loop of miR-506/ETS1/FOXO1
Abstract：We aimed to explore the role of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and related drug resistance. Methods: Using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, we deciphered the roles of FOXO1 and miR-506 in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, autophagy, and TMZ sensitivity in the U251 cell line. Cell viability was tested by a CCK8 kit; migration and invasion were checked by the scratching assay; apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. The construction of plasmids and dual-luciferase reporter experiment were carried out to find the interaction site between FOXO1 and miR-506. Immunohistochemistry was done to check the protein level in tumors after the in vivo experiment. Results: We found that the FOXO1/miR-506 axis suppresses GBM cell invasion and migration and promotes GBM chemosensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ), which was mediated by autophagy. FOXO1 upregulates miR-506 by binding to its promoter to enhance transcriptional activation. MiR-506 could downregulate ETS1 expression by targeting its 3’-UTR. Interestingly, ETS1 promoted FOXO1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol and further suppressed the FOXO1-miR-506 axis in GBM cells. Consistently, both miR-506 inhibition and ETS1 overexpression could rescue FOXO1 overactivation-mediated TMZ chemosensitivity in mouse models. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a negative feedback loop of FOXO1/miR-506/ETS1/FOXO1 in GBM in regulating invasiveness and chemosensitivity. Thus, the above axis might be a promising therapeutic target for GBM.Keywords：Glioblastoma;FOXO1;MiR-506;ETS1;Chemosensitivity- 15
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Published：2023-04-29 -
OCT4’s role and mechanism underlying oral squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract：Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a common malignancy of the head and neck, ranks sixth worldwide in terms of cancers with the most negative impact, owing to tumor relapse rates, cervical lymphnode metastasis, and the lack of an efficacious systemic therapy. Its prognosis is poor, and its mortality rate is high. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is a member of the Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) family and is a key reprogramming factor that produces a marked effect in preserving the pluripotency and self-renewal state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). According to recent studies, OCT4 participates in retaining the survival of OSCC cancer stem cells (CSCs), which has far-reaching implications for the occurrence, recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, we summarize the structure, subtypes, and function of OCT4 as well as its role in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of OSCC.Keywords：Cancer stem cell (CSC);Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4);Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC);Prognosis;Signaling pathways- 18
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Published：2023-04-20 -
Polysaccharide isolated from wax apple suppresses ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage in human hepatocytes
Abstract：Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) has received growing research interest for its high nutritional and medicinal value due to its constituents such as polysaccharide, organic acids, flavonoids, minerals, and other substances. In this study, water-soluble polysaccharide (WAP) was isolated from this plant and its protective effects against ethyl carbamate (EC)-induced oxidative damage was evaluated in human hepatocytes (L02 cells). Firstly, a series of analyses such as HPLC, HPSEC, FT-IR, GC/MS, 1H and 13C NMR were conducted to identify the structure of WAP. Thereafter, in vitro cell experiments were performed to verify the protective effects of WAP against EC-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage in L02 cells. Our results revealed that WAP is composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 2.20: 3.94: 4.45: 8.56: 8.86: 30.82: 39.78: 1.48. Using a combination of methylation and NMR spectroscopic analysis, the primary structure of WAP was identified as Araf-(1→, Glcp-(1→, →2)-Araf-(1→, →3)-Galp-(1→, →3)-Araf-(1→, and →6)-Galp-(1→. Cell experiments indicated that WAP exhibited significant protective effects on EC-treated L02 cells via suppressing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, reducing ROS and O2•- formation, as well as improving MMP and GSH. In a nutshell, WAP has the potential as an important therapeutic agent or supplement for hepatic oxidative damage. Meanwhile, further studies are needed to prove the above effects in vivo at the biological and clinical levels.Keywords：Wax apple polysaccharide;Polysaccharide characterization;Ethyl carbamate;Hepatic oxidative stress.- 23
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Published：2023-04-06 -
Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 promotes cardiac fibrosis via ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Abstract：Cardiac fibrosis is a cause of morbidity and mortality in people with heart disease. Anti-fibrosis treatment is a significant therapy for heart disease, but there is still no thorough understanding of fibrotic mechanisms. This study was carried out to ascertain the functions of cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) in cardiac fibrosis and clarify its regulatory mechanisms. We found that CRLF1 was expressed predominantly in cardiac fibroblasts. Its expression was up-regulated not only in a mouse heart fibrotic model induced by myocardial infarction, but also in mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts provoked by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments of CRLF1 were carried out in neonatal mice cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs) with or without TGF-β1 stimulation. CRLF1 overexpression increased cell viability, collagen production, cell proliferation capacity, and myofibroblast transformation of NMCFs with or without TGF-β1 stimulation, while silencing of CRLF1 had the opposite effects. An inhibitor of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and different inhibitors of TGF-β1 signaling cascades, comprising SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways, were applied to investigate the mechanisms involved. CRLF1 exerted its functions by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the SMAD-dependent pathway, not the SMAD-independent pathway, was responsible for CRLF1 up-regulation in NMCFs treated with TGF-β1. In summary, activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis increased CRLF1 expression. CRLF1 then aggravated cardiac fibrosis by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. CRLF1 could become a novel potential target for intervention and remedy of cardiac fibrosis.Keywords：Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1);TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway;ERK1/2 signaling pathway;Cardiac fibrosis;Myofibroblast transformation;Extracellular matrix (ECM)- 18
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Published：2023-04-06 -
Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 promotes hepatic primary bile acid biosynthesis and intestinal secondary bile acid biotransformation
Abstract：A growing body of evidence has linked the gut microbiota to liver metabolism. The manipulation of intestinal microflora has been considered as a promising avenue to promote liver health. However, the effects of Lactobacillus gasseri LA39, a potential probiotic, on liver metabolism remain unclear. Accumulating studies have investigated the proteomic profile for mining the host biological events affected by microbes, and used the germ-free (GF) mouse model to evaluate host-microbe interaction. Here, we explored the effects of L. gasseri LA39 gavage on the protein expression profiles of the liver of GF mice. Our results showed that a total of 128 proteins were upregulated, whereas a total of 123 proteins were downregulated by treatment with L. gasseri LA39. Further bioinformatics analyses suggested that the primary bile acid (BA) biosynthesis pathway in the liver was activated by L. gasseri LA39. Three differentially expressed proteins (CYP27A1, CYP7B1, and CYP8B1) involved in the primary BA biosynthesis pathway were further validated by western blot assay. In addition, targeted metabolomic analyses demonstrated that serum and fecal β-muricholic acid (a primary BA), dehydrolithocholic acid (a secondary BA), and glycolithocholic acid-3-sulfate (a secondary BA) were significantly increased by L. gasseri LA39. Thus, our data revealed that L. gasseri LA39 activates the hepatic primary BA biosynthesis and promotes the intestinal secondary BA biotransformation. Based on these findings, we suggest that L. gasseri LA39 confers an important function in the gut–liver axis through regulating BA metabolism.Keywords：Lactobacillus gasseri LA39;Liver;iTRAQ;Bile acid;Germ-free mice- 14
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Published：2023-04-02 -
Machine learning and model-agnostic methods to identify influential features in volatile profiles from tea plants infested by the tea aphid
Abstract：The tea plant (Camellia sinensis), as a major economic crop in China, suffers greatly from infestation by the tea aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer), which pierces and sucks the sap of tea shoots. In response to herbivore attack, tea plants can release volatiles with various functions. In the current work, volatile emission in tea plants upon tea aphid infestation was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Significant differences were observed in the categories and relative concentrations of volatiles in infested tea shoots. Machine learning (ML) modeling and model-agnostic methods were employed to interpret the volatile profiles in healthy, mildly infested, and severely infested tea shoots. The volatile emission data were fitted using a random forest (RF) model. Since several features were highly correlated, the accumulated local effect (ALE) was used to unravel the relationship between volatile abundance and model prediction. α-Pinene, phytol, naphthalene, camphor, and nonanal were identified as critical factors based on the ALE plots. Notably, even the most influential volatile had a relatively low effect on predicted probability, suggesting that the determination of infestation status possibly requires integrating the impacts of at least a few volatiles. The volatile interactions were also investigated using two-dimensional ALE plots. The RF model with model-agnostic methods can obtain both prediction accuracy and model interpretability, which helps to identify the importance of volatiles and intrinsic volatile interactions associated with tea aphid infestation. This combined strategy has great potential in related fields to interpret volatile emission patterns.Keywords：Tea plant;Tea aphid;Machine Learning;Model-agnostic methods- 16
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Published：2023-04-02 -
Nanosilver alleviates foreign body reaction and facilitates wound repair by regulating macrophage polarization
Abstract：Foreign body reactions induced by macrophages often cause delay or failure of wound healing in the application of tissue engineering scaffolds. This study explores the application of nanosilver (NAg) to reduce foreign body reactions during scaffold transplantation. An NAg hybrid collagen-chitosan scaffold (NAg-CCS) was prepared using the freeze-drying method. The NAg-CCS was implanted on the back of rats to evaluate the effects on foreign body reactions. Skin tissue samples were collected for histological and immunological evaluation at variable intervals. Miniature pigs were used to assess the effects of NAg on skin wound healing. The wounds were photographed, and tissue samples were collected for molecular biological analysis at different time points post-transplantation. NAg-CCS has a porous structure and the results showed it could release NAg constantly for 2 weeks. The NAg-CCS group rarely developed a foreign body reaction, while the blank-CCS group showed granulomas or necrosis in the subcutaneous grafting experiment. Both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) were reduced significantly in the NAg-CCS group. The NAg-CCS group had higher interleukin (IL)-10 and lower IL-6 than the blank CCS group. In the wound healing study, M1 macrophage activation and inflammatory-related proteins (iNOS, IL-6, and IFN-γ) were inhibited by NAg. In contrast, M2 macrophage activation and proinflammatory proteins (arginase-1, MHC-II, and FIZZ-1) were promoted, and this was responsible for suppressing the foreign body responses and accelerating wound healing. In conclusion, dermal scaffolds containing NAg suppressed the foreign body reaction by regulating macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, thereby promoting wound healing.Keywords：Nanosilver;Macrophages;Implants;Foreign body reaction;Wound repair- 13
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Published：2023-03-25
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