Nano-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapies for improved bladder cancer treatment

Sheng ZENG; Shaoqiang XING; Yifei ZHANG; Haifeng WANG; Qian LIU

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2300392

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Review | Updated：2024-07-17

Nano-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapies for improved bladder cancer treatment
Nano-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapies for improved bladder cancer treatment
纳米卡介苗改善膀胱癌的免疫治疗效果
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) Vol. 25, Issue 7, Pages: 557-567(2024)
Affiliations：

1.Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
2.Department of Urology, First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2300392
CLC：
CSTR：
Published： 15 July 2024 ，

Published Online： 11 July 2024 ，

Received： 04 June 2023 ，

Revised： 29 August 2023 ，
Accepted：

曾胜,邢绍强,张毅飞等.纳米卡介苗改善膀胱癌的免疫治疗效果[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2024,25(07):557-567.

Sheng ZENG, Shaoqiang XING, Yifei ZHANG, et al. Nano-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapies for improved bladder cancer treatment. [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 25(7):557-567(2024)
曾胜,邢绍强,张毅飞等.纳米卡介苗改善膀胱癌的免疫治疗效果[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2024,25(07):557-567. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2300392.

Sheng ZENG, Shaoqiang XING, Yifei ZHANG, et al. Nano-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapies for improved bladder cancer treatment. [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 25(7):557-567(2024) DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2300392.

摘要

癌症免疫治疗已成为继手术、放疗和化疗之后的第四大主流治疗选择，并取得了令人鼓舞的成果。肿瘤免疫治疗通过调动或激发机体自身的免疫功能，从而抑制和杀伤肿瘤细胞。然而，肿瘤免疫治疗作为一种新兴的治疗手段，由于缺乏有效的免疫细胞传递途径以及具有较高的毒副作用，在临床上的应用受到限制。近年来，纳米材料和基因工程在保护抗原递送、激活靶向T细胞、调节免疫抑制的肿瘤微环境和提高治疗效果等方面显示出巨大的潜力。卡介苗是一种用于预防结核病的减毒牛分枝杆菌活疫苗，于1927年首次报道其抗肿瘤活性。卡介苗可通过诱导多种细胞因子和趋化因子激活免疫系统，其特异性免疫和炎症反应可发挥抗肿瘤作用。20世纪70年代，卡介苗首次作为治疗膀胱癌的膀胱灌注药物，有效地提高了免疫抗肿瘤活性，防止肿瘤复发。最近，纳米卡介苗和基因工程卡介苗因其能诱导更强且更稳定的免疫反应，被提出作为膀胱癌的治疗方案。在本研究中，我们概述了纳米卡介苗和基因工程卡介苗用于膀胱癌免疫治疗的发展，并回顾了它们的潜力和挑战。

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has rapidly become the fourth mainstream treatment alternative after surgery

radiotherapy

and chemotherapy

with some promising results. It aims to kill tumor cells by mobilizing or stimulating cytotoxic immune cells. However

the clinical applications of tumor immunotherapies are limited owing to a lack of adequate delivery pathways and high toxicity. Recently

nanomaterials and genetic engineering have shown great potential in overcoming these limitations by protecting the delivery of antigens

activating targeted T cells

modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

and improving the treatment efficacy. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated

Mycobacterium bovis

vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis

which was first reported to have antitumor activity in 1927. BCG therapy can activate the immune system by inducing various cytokines and chemokines

and its specific immune and inflammatory responses exert antitumor effects. BCG was first used during the 1970s as an intravesical treatment agent for bladder cancer

which effectively improved immune antitumor activity and prevented tumor recurrence. More recently

nano-BCG and genetically engineered BCG have been proposed as treatment alternatives for bladder cancer due to their ability to induce str

onger and more stable immune responses. In this study

we outline the development of nano-BCG and genetically engineered BCG for bladder cancer immunotherapy and review their potential and associated challenges.

关键词

膀胱癌卡介苗纳米载体基因工程免疫治疗

Keywords

Bladder cancerBacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccineNanocarrierGenetic engineeringImmunotherapy

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Related Institution

Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University

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Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University

Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children Health Hospital of Zhenjiang

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