Latest Issue
- Abstract：Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of synovial tissue, is divided into two subtypes—anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive and ACPA-negative RA. While the pathogenic mechanisms of ACPA-positive RA are well-understood, the etiology of ACPA-negative RA remains largely unknown. The association between RA and periodontitis (PD) has been observed since the early 1900s, with the two diseases sharing common genetic and environmental risk factors that lead to the progressive destruction of bone and connective tissue. However, the association between PD and the two subtypes of RA is different. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated understanding of the epidemiological association between RA and PD, explore potential pathogenic mechanisms linking the two diseases, and highlight the key distinctions between the subtypes of RA and their respective associations with PD. We also discuss the possibility of early intervention or the treatment of the two diseases. Ultimately, this review aims to provide valuable insights for future research in this field.Keywords：Rheumatoid arthritis;Periodontitis;Pathogenesis;Citrullination;ACPA
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Updated：2023-12-21 - Abstract：The dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which could potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, immune checkpoints, expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells, have been identified; some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical treatments. However, the limited responses and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) cannot be ignored. This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs, potential strategies for overcoming resistance, and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.Keywords：Immune checkpoint blockade;Cancer immunotherapy;Tumor immune evasion;Immune normalization
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Updated：2023-12-21 - Abstract：The adaptive behavior ability of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is generally reduced. The relationship between adaptive behavior and early developmental levels of autistic children is unclear. Understanding the relationship between the two will be helpful for identifying general laws of adaptive behavior development in children with ASD and for promoting the implementation of early individualized interventions. We conducted a retrospective study of 1656 children diagnosed with ASD in the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, from January 2019 to March 2022. We summarized the results of the Normal Development of Social Skills from Infant to Junior High School Children Scale and the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) and conducted statistical analysis on the data. We found thar age can affect the adaptive behavior and each domain of the GDS in children with ASD. Adaptive behavior also significantly affected the DQ of the GDS domains, as indicated by a positive correlation. The adaptive behavior and various abilities of children with ASD affect each other. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the individual abilities of different autistic children and to adopt individualized comprehensive treatment models.Keywords：Autism spectrum disorder;Child;Adaptive behavior;Early developmental level;Individualized intervention
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Updated：2023-12-01 - Abstract：Atypical sensory responsivity is widely reported in autistic individuals and is related to elevated functional difficulties. Dynamically, altered initial responses and/or habituation rates could underlie their atypical averaged responses to repeated sensory stimuli. In this study we aimed to measure the arousal level in response to different types of auditory stimuli and the dynamic change of atypical arousal level using pupillometry in autistic children. In Experiment 1, 43 autistic children and 49 neurotypical (NT) children were asked to passively listen to a mild sound and an aversive sound repeatedly. In Experiment 2, 39 autistic children and 44 NT children who went through Experiment 1 listened to a gradually emerging non-startling sound and a suddenly emerging startling sound in a random order. We found that the autistic group showed hyper-arousal in response to the aversive sound and the startling sound as reflected by their larger change in pupil area. In comparison, these autistic children demonstrated normal arousal in response to the mild sound and the non-startling sound. Dynamically, the autistic group had a larger peak pupil area change than the NT group in the first trial and a normal habituation rate to the aversive sound. In summary, our results suggest hyper-arousal to aversive and startling stimuli and the role of larger initial responses in hyper-arousal in autism. Minimizing aversive and startling sensory stimuli or gradually increasing the volume of aversive auditory stimuli to allow autistic children to adapt using the principle of habituation is recommended to reduce the arousal level and problematic behaviors of autistic children.Keywords：Autism spectrum disorder;Arousal;Habituation;Auditory;Pupillometry
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Updated：2023-12-01 - Abstract：Background: The accurate and timely detection of biochemical coagulation indicators is pivotal in pulmonary and critical care medicine. Despite their reliability, traditional laboratories often lag in terms of rapid diagnosis. Point-of-care testing (POCT) has emerged as a promising alternative, which is awaiting rigorous validation. Methods: We assessed 226 samples from patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University using a Beckman Coulter AU5821 and a PUSHKANG POCT biochemistry analyzer. Furthermore, 350 samples were evaluated with a Stago coagulation analyzer STAR MAX and a PUSHKANG POCT coagulation analyzer. Metrics included thirteen biochemical indexes, such as albumin, and five coagulation indices like prothrombin time. Comparisons were drawn against the PUSHKANG POCT analyzer. Results: Bland–Altman plots (MS100: 0.8206-0.9995; MC100: 0.8318-0.9911) evinced significant consistency between methodologies. Spearman correlation pinpointed a potent linear association between conventional devices and the PUSHKANG POCT analyzer, further underscored by a robust correlation coefficient (MS100: 0.713-0.949; MC100: 0.593-0.950). Conclusions: The PUSHKANG POCT was validated as a dependable tool for serum and whole blood biochemical and coagulation diagnostics. This emphasizes its prospective clinical efficacy, offering clinicians a swift diagnostic tool and heralding a new era of enhanced patient care outcomes.Keywords：Thirteen serum biochemical indexes;Five whole blood coagulation indices;Point-of-care testing;Pulmonary and critical care medicine;Diagnostic protocol
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Updated：2023-11-17 - Abstract：Bladder augmentation with gastrointestinal segments is a widely used surgical procedure for neurogenic bladder or bladder defects, but it carries a risk of many side effects, including metabolic disturbance, urolithiasis, and even malignancy. Several degradable materials have been used to investigate the regeneration of bladder tissue but few biomaterials have been translated into clinical applications. Moreover, there has been no systematic study of whether biomaterials applied in clinical practice are preferable for bladder tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and applicability of small intestinal submucosa (SIS), poly(l-lactic) acid (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffold, and PLLA/gelatin composite nanofibrous scaffold as a potential bladder wall substitute material in tissue-engineered bladder augmentation and reconstruction. The results provide a scientific basis for selecting appropriate materials in clinical application. The microstructure, cytocompatibility, cell adhesion and histocompatibility of scaffolds, including SIS, PLLA nanofiber scaffold, and PLLA/gelatin were observed. Furthermore, bladder augmentation rabbit models were constructed using scaffolds with and without adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) implantation. All animals survived the experiment with no complications, and the structural integrity of the implantation site was demonstrated using cystography and urodynamics. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the three kinds of scaffold could regenerate the bladder wall structure at 6 and 12 weeks. The animal models of ASC implantation confirmed their positive effect on urothelial maturation, smooth-muscle bundle and blood vessel regeneration, and physiological function restoration. Bladders reconstructed with the ASC-PLLA scaffold showed superior structural and functional properties, with no significant differences in the regenerated urothelium, smooth muscle, or vessels of the ASC-PLLA and control groups. PLLA-based nanofiber scaffolds with proper cell adhesion and growth can be an ideal support scaffold for achieving clinical applications for bladder reconstruction.Keywords：Bladder augmentation and reconstruction;Tissue engineering;Adipose-derived stem cells;Nanofiber scaffolds;Small intestinal submucosa 1 Introduction
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Updated：2023-11-06 - Abstract：The use of nitrification inhibitors has been suggested as a strategy to decrease cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops. However, the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd accumulation remains to be elucidated, and whether and how changes in soil microbial structure are involved in this process also remains unclear. To address these questions, this study applied three commercial nitrification inhibitors, namely, dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and nitrapyrin, to pakchoi. The results showed that both DCD and DMPP (but not nitrapyrin) could efficiently decrease Cd concentrations in pakchoi in urea- and ammonium-fertilized soils. In addition, among the three tested nitrification inhibitors, DMPP was the most efficient at decreasing the Cd concentration in pakchoi. The nitrification inhibitors decreased pakchoi Cd concentrations by suppressing acidification-induced Cd availability and reshaping the soil microbial structure; the most effective nitrification inhibitor was DMPP. Ammonia oxidation generates the most protons during nitrification and is inhibited by nitrification inhibitors. Changes in environmental factors and predatory bacterial abundance caused by the nitrification inhibitors changed the soil microbial structure and increased the potential participants in plant Cd accumulation. In summary, our study identified DMPP as the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd contamination and observed that the soil microbial structural changes caused by the nitrification inhibitors contributed to decreasing Cd concentration in pakchoi.Keywords：Cadmium;Nitrification inhibitor;Soil microbial structure;Safe crop production
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Updated：2023-10-23 - Abstract：Patients with depression are more likely to have chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms than the general population, but such symptoms are considered only somatic symptoms of depression and lack special attention. There is a chronic lack of appropriate diagnosis and effective treatment for patients with depression with GI symptoms, and studying the association between depression and GI disorders (GIDs) is extremely important for clinical management. There is growing evidence that depression is closely related to the microbiota present in the GI tract, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is creating a new perspective on the association between depression and GIDs. Identifying and treating GIDs would provide a key opportunity to prevent episodes of depression and may also improve the outcome of refractory depression. Current studies on depression and the microbially related gut-brain axis (GBA) lack a focus on GI function. In this review, we combine preclinical and clinical evidence to summarize the role of the microbial-regulated GBA in emotions and GI function, and summarize potential therapeutic strategies to provide a reference for the study of the pathomechanism and treatment of depression in combination with GI symptoms.Keywords：Depression;Gastrointestinal disorders;Gut-brain axis;Pathomechanism;Treatment
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Updated：2023-10-17 - Abstract：Magnesium-doped calcium silicate (CS) bioceramic scaffolds have unique advantages in mandibular defect repair; however, they lack antibacterial properties to cope with the complex oral microbiome. Herein, for the first time, the CS scaffold was functionally modified with a novel polydopamine (PDA) copper (PDA(Cu2+)) rapid deposition method, to construct internal modified (*P), external modified (@PDA) and dual modified (*P@PDA) scaffolds. The morphology, degradation behavior and mechanical properties of the obtained scaffolds were evaluated in vitro. The results showed that the CS*P@PDA had a unique micro-/nano-structural surface and appreciable mechanical resistance. During the prolonged immersion stage, the release of copper ions from the CS*P@PDA scaffolds was rapid in the early stage and exhibited long-term sustained release. The in vitro evaluation revealed that the release behavior of copper ions ascribed an excellent antibacterial effect to the CS*P@PDA, while the scaffolds retained good cytocompatibility with improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis effects. Finally, the PDA(Cu2+) modified scaffolds showed effective early bone regeneration in a critical-size rabbit mandibular defect model. Overall, it was indicated that considerable antibacterial property along with the enhancement of alveolar bone regeneration can be imparted to the scaffold by the two-step PDA(Cu2+) modification, and the convenience and wide applicability of this technique make it a promising strategy to avoid bacterial infections on implants.Keywords：Polydopamine (Cu2+) modification;Antibacterial properties;Bone regeneration;Angiogenesis;Bioceramic scaffolds.
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Updated：2023-06-10 - Abstract：Multicellular spheroids, which mimic the natural organ counterparts, allow the prospect of drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, their application is hampered by low processing efficiency or limited scale. This study introduces an efficient method to drive rapid multicellular spheroid formation by a cellulose nanofibril matrix. This matrix enables the facilitated growth of spheroids (within 48 hours) through multiple cell assembly into size-controllable aggregates with well-organized physiological microstructure. The efficiency, dimension, and conformation of the as-formed spheroids depend on the concentration of extracellular nanofibrils, the number of assembled cells, and the heterogeneity of cell types. The above strategy allows the robust formation mechanism of compacted tumoroids and hepatocyte spheroids.Keywords：Cellulose;Nanofibril;Matrix;Self-Assembly;Spheroid
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Updated：2023-05-15 - Abstract：Tumor recurrence is one of the major life-threatening complications after liver transplantation for liver cancer. In addition to the common mechanisms underlying tumor recurrence, another unavoidable problem is that the immunosuppressive therapeutic regimen after transplantation could promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. Transplant oncology is an emerging field that addresses oncological challenges in transplantation. In this context, a comprehensive therapeutic management approach is required to balance the anti-tumor treatment and immunosuppressive status of recipients. Double-negative T cells (DNTs) are a cluster of heterogeneous cells mainly consisting of two subsets stratified by TCR type. Among them, TCRαβ+ DNTs are considered to induce immune suppression in immune-mediated diseases, while TCRγδ+ DNTs are widely recognized as tumor killers. As a composite cell therapy, healthy donor-derived DNTs can be propagated to therapeutic numbers in vitro and applied for the treatment of several malignancies without impairing normal tissues or being rejected by the host. In this work, we summarized the biological characteristics and functions of DNTs in oncology, immunology and transplantation. Based on the multiple roles of DNTs, we propose that a new balance could be achieved in liver transplant oncology by using them as an off-the-shelf adoptive cell therapy (ACT).Keywords：Double negative T cell (DNT);Adoptive cell therapy (ACT);Liver cancer;Liver transplantation;Oncology
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Updated：2023-03-09 - Abstract：Folic acid (FA) plays an important role in cell metabolism. In this study, we primarily looked at the protective effect of FA on PC12 cytotoxicity induced by lead acetate. PC12 cells were exposed to lead-free medium and 10μmol/L lead-acetate culture solution for 24h. Medium with FA proportions of 0mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 5mg/L, and 50mg/L continued to function. After 24h, 48h, and 72h, we collected PC12 cells, and detected cell proliferation or inhibition with the MTT method. We extracted cell protein and detected the activities of SOD, MDA, and GSH-PX in each group. The immunofluorescence method was used to study the expression of caspase-3 protein. Changes of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the cell-culture fluid were detected with ELISA. The results showed that lead exposure inhibited cell growth (P < 0.05), increased intracellular MDA content, SOD activity, and caspase-3 protein expression (P < 0.05), and decreased GSH-PX activity and Aβ40 protein expression (P < 0.05). FA intervention can increase cell proliferation, enhance the activity of SOD and GSH-PX (P < 0.05), and reduce cell MDA content and caspase-3 protein expression (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Aβ40 and Aβ42 content between the groups (P > 0.05). The study found that FA could be a highly effective approach against lead-associated PC12 cell toxicity.Keywords：Lead;Folic acid;PC12 cells;Oxidative stress;Apoptosis
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Updated：2022-06-07
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