Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance

Sakura KARUNARATHNE; Esther WALKER; Darshan SHARMA; Chengdao LI; Yong HAN

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2200552

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Review | Updated：2024-01-19

Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance
Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance
定向改良大麦耐逆性的遗传资源和基因编辑策略
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) Vol. 24, Issue 12, Pages: 1069-1092(2023)
Affiliations：

1.Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
2.Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2200552
CLC：
CSTR：

Sakura KARUNARATHNE,Esther WALKER,Darshan SHARMA等.定向改良大麦耐逆性的遗传资源和基因编辑策略[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2023,24(12):1069-1092.

Sakura KARUNARATHNE, Esther WALKER, Darshan SHARMA, et al. Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance. [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 24(12):1069-1092(2023)
Sakura KARUNARATHNE,Esther WALKER,Darshan SHARMA等.定向改良大麦耐逆性的遗传资源和基因编辑策略[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2023,24(12):1069-1092. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2200552.

Sakura KARUNARATHNE, Esther WALKER, Darshan SHARMA, et al. Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance. [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 24(12):1069-1092(2023) DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2200552.

摘要

逆境胁迫如干旱、高温、盐害、低温和涝渍危害谷类作物生长，这些因素限制了全球大麦产量并造成了巨大的经济损失。随着抗逆基因被不断发掘和验证，以及新型基因编辑系统的引入，精确改良大麦耐逆性迎来了新的发展契机，特别是利用强大的CRISPR/Cas9工具定点诱导突变和改良性状。本文综述了世界大麦主产地中受主要逆境因素影响的区域以及相应的经济损失，收集了约150个已被验证的关键抗逆基因并构建于同一个大麦物理图谱中，以期用于育种实践。此外，本文还概述了应用碱基编辑、引导编辑和多重编辑等不同策略定向改良性状，并讨论了当前的技术难点，包括高通量突变体筛选和突破大麦遗传转化的基因型依赖，以实现商业化育种。本文罗列的抗逆基因和提出的相应基因编辑策略对增强大麦耐逆性和环境适应性具有理论和实践意义。

Abstract

Abiotic stresses, predominately drought, heat, salinity, cold, and waterlogging, adversely affect cereal crops. They limit barley production worldwide and cause huge economic losses. In barley, functional genes under various stresses have been identified over the years and genetic improvement to stress tolerance has taken a new turn with the introduction of modern gene-editing platforms. In particular, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is a robust and versatile tool for precise mutation creation and trait improvement. In this review, we highlight the stress-affected regions and the corresponding economic losses among the main barley producers. We collate about 150 key genes associated with stress tolerance and combine them into a single physical map for potential breeding practices. We also overview the applications of precise base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing technologies for targeted trait modification, and discuss current challenges including high-throughput mutant genotyping and genotype dependency in genetic transformation to promote commercial breeding. The listed genes counteract key stresses such as drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, and the potential application of the respective gene-editing technologies will provide insight into barley improvement for climate resilience.

关键词

CRISPR基因功能干旱遗传改良转录调控育种

Keywords

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)Gene functionDroughtGenetic improvementTranscription regulationBreeding

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