胞外囊泡在受体细胞中的旅程：从识别到货物释放

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胞外囊泡在受体细胞中的旅程：从识别到货物释放
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)’ journey in recipient cells: from recognition to cargo release
浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术） 2024年25卷第8期页码：633-655
Affiliations：

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
Funds：

the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070182);the Key Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health(ZD2021049);the High-level Talent Program at Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University(gccrc2022002);the Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Development Plan(SKYD2023002);the Suzhou Municipal Key Discipline Construction Project(SZXK202124);the Talent Research Project of Suzhou Health Talent Plan(GSWS2023005)
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2300566
中图分类号：
CSTR：
纸质出版日期： 2024-08-15 ，

收稿日期： 2023-08-13 ，

修回日期： 2023-11-28 ，
Accepted：

相华苑,包晨轩,陈巧巧等.胞外囊泡在受体细胞中的旅程：从识别到货物释放[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2024,25(08):633-655.

Huayuan XIANG, Chenxuan BAO, Qiaoqiao CHEN, et al. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)’ journey in recipient cells: from recognition to cargo release[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2024,25(8):633-655.
相华苑,包晨轩,陈巧巧等.胞外囊泡在受体细胞中的旅程：从识别到货物释放[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2024,25(08):633-655. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2300566.

Huayuan XIANG, Chenxuan BAO, Qiaoqiao CHEN, et al. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)’ journey in recipient cells: from recognition to cargo release[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2024,25(8):633-655. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2300566.

摘要

胞外囊泡（EVs）是几乎所有细胞均能分泌的纳米级脂质双层囊泡，可通过将其内含的多种包括蛋白质、脂质、编码和非编码RNA、线粒体DNA等在内的生物活性分子递送到邻近和远处的受体细胞中，以改变受体细胞功能，从而实现细胞间的信息交流。EVs在生理和病理过程中均发挥着重要作用，可用于疾病诊疗。尽管EVs在供体细胞中的生物发生和分泌机制已基本清晰，但受体细胞对EVs的识别和摄取的分子机制尚不清楚。本文对EVs进入受体细胞的生物过程包括受体细胞对EVs的识别、摄取以及EVs的货物释放进行综述，并重点关注了EVs在摄取后如何通过“溶酶体逃逸”，从而释放货物，将有助于推进EVs作为药物递送载体的研究。此外，了解和控制EVs在受体细胞中的有效摄取，对阐明EVs的功能及其临床应用同样至关重要。

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized bilayer vesicles that are shed or secreted by virtually every cell type. A variety of biomolecules

including proteins

lipids

coding and non-coding RNAs

and mitochondrial DNA

can be selectively encapsulated into EVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells

leading to alterations in the recipient cells

suggesting that EVs play an important role in intercellular communication. EVs play effective roles in physiology and pathology and could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. At present

although the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion in donor cells are well understood

the molecular mechanism of EV recognition and uptake by recipient cells is still unclear. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of EVs’ biological journey in recipient cells

from recognition to uptake and cargo release. Furthermore

we highlight how EVs escape endolysosomal degradation after uptake and thus release cargo

which is crucial for studies applying EVs as drug-targeted delivery vehicles. Knowledge of the cellular processes that govern EV uptake is important to shed light on the functions of EVs as well as on related clinical applications.

关键词

胞外囊泡外泌体内吞作用摄取释放

Keywords

Extracellular vesicle (EV)ExosomeEndocytosisUptakeRelease

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