最新刊期
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‘灿烂’品种兔眼蓝莓花青素提取物在体内的抗氧化活性
摘要：蓝莓富含花青素等酚类化合物，具有良好的保健功能。本研究旨在研究从‘灿烂’品种兔眼蓝莓中提取的蓝莓花青素在小鼠体内的抗氧化活性。C57BL/6J健康雄性小鼠被分成不同剂量组，各组蓝莓花青素提取物（BAE）浓度分别为100、400和800 mg/kg。在不同时间点（0.1、0.5、1、2、4、8和12 h）将小鼠处死，收集其血浆、眼球、肠、肝和脂肪组织，比较其抗氧化活性，测定指标包括总抗氧化能力（T-AOC），抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX/GPX）含量，以及氧化应激标志物丙二醛（MDA）水平。结果表明，蓝莓花青素在小鼠体内具有良好的抗氧化活性，并呈浓度依赖性：BAE浓度越高，T-AOC值越高，MDA水平越低。抗氧化酶SOD活性、GSH-PX含量以及Cu,Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD和GPX的mRNA水平均证实，BAE在小鼠消化后通过改善其抗氧化防御系统发挥抗氧化作用。蓝莓花青素提取物的体内抗氧化活性表明，蓝莓花青素可以被开发成功能性食品或营养配料，用于预防或治疗氧化应激相关的疾病。关键词：蓝莓花青素;体内抗氧化活性;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX/GPX）;丙二醛（MDA）- 31
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发布时间：2023-05-19 -
西藏高原汉族人群的肠道微生物变化与肠易激综合征之间的关系研究
摘要：肠道微生态受高原环境的影响，微生态失调在肠易激综合征（IBS）的发病机制中起着重要作用，但高原环境对汉族人群肠道微生物的变化的影响及高原环境对IBS发生的相关性有待进一步地研究。在本项研究中，我们前瞻性地对从平原进入高原环境工作生活的一组健康队列进行了一年的随访，并对其中一些人的粪便样本进行了16S核糖体RNA（16S rRNA）测序分析。根据参与者的临床症状，与IBS问卷相结合，筛选出队列中的IBS患者。结果表明：高原环境可导致肠道微生物多样性和组成的变化，并随着在高原停留时间的延长，肠道微生物表现出适应性的动态变化，恢复到接近进入高原前的水平，IBS的症状也明显缓解。因此，我们推测高原环境可能是诱发IBS的特殊环境。被证实在IBS的发病机制中发挥重要作用的分类物种g_Alistipes、g_Oscillospira和s_Ruminococcus_torques在高海拔地区IBS队列中也被发现。总之，高原环境导致的肠道微生物失调可能导致了IBS在高原环境中的高发生率，同时心理因素可能也参与了高原环境下IBS的发生，具体的相关机制需要进一步的研究。关键词：肠道微生物;高原环境;肠易激综合征- 29
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发布时间：2023-05-19 -
口腔白斑癌变生物标志物： 从基础科研到临床应用
摘要：口腔白斑是一种常见的口腔潜在恶性病变，可恶变为口腔鳞状细胞癌，恶性潜能较高。白斑癌变严重影响患者的生存和生活质量，但因缺乏有效的癌变预测生物标志物，难以对其癌变潜能进行识别。作为头颈病理领域的重要问题之一，白斑癌变生物标志物的筛选将有助于鳞癌的早期诊断。本文通过综述白斑癌变相关生物标志物的相关研究，探讨从基础科研到临床转化的前景。目前虽尚无生物标志物应用于临床，但基因组不稳定性可能是一种具有应用前景的辅助方法。关键词：口腔白斑;口腔鳞状细胞癌;癌变;生物标志物;预后- 39
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发布时间：2023-05-15 -
灯盏花乙素通过调节Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制氧化应激以及通过调节AKT、p38 MAPK/NF-κB通路抑制炎症反应预防急性酒精性肝损伤
摘要：酒精性肝病（ALD）是世界上最常见的肝脏疾病，严重危害个人健康，对公共卫生造成严重负担。基于灯盏花乙素（SCU）抗氧化和抗炎能力的报道，本研究探究了SCU（10、25和50 mg/kg，口服给药）对急性酒精性肝损伤BALB/c小鼠的保护作用。结果表明：SCU可降低血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平，改善急性酒精性肝组织病理改变；降低酒精诱导的丙二醛（MDA）含量，提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。此外，SCU会降低肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）和IL-1β的mRNA表达水平，削弱诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性和抑制NOD样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体激活。从机制方面而言，SCU可抑制酒精诱导的CYP450代谢酶家族中的CYP2E1上调，增加氧化应激相关的核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）和改为血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）通路的表达，通过介导蛋白激酶B（AKT）和p38 MAPK通路抑制炎症相关核因子-κB抑制蛋白α因子的降解以及核因子-κB因子的激活。这些结果表明，SCU通过调控Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制氧化应激，通过调控AKT、p38 MAPK/NF-κB通路抑制炎症反应，从而保护急性酒精性肝损伤。关键词：灯盏花乙素;氧化应激;酒精性肝病;炎症- 38
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发布时间：2023-04-14 -
紫薯双酰基花色苷对高果糖/高脂肪饮食诱导的小鼠高血糖和高尿酸血症的调节作用
摘要：多数研究已表明针对黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO）可以成为治疗果糖诱导的高尿酸血症和高血糖症的可行方法，然而本研究旨在评估紫薯双酰基花色苷对高果糖/高脂肪饮食诱发的高血糖和高尿酸血症的双重调节作用及其分子机制。试验检测了小鼠体重、脏器指数、血清生化指标及肝脏抗氧化指标，并对肾脏进行病理切片观察。利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测肾脏中果糖代谢通路酶的信使RNA（mRNA）相对表达量，同时，利用免疫组织化学技术测定肾转运蛋白和炎症因子通路蛋白表达量。研究结果显示：双酰基花色苷可以缓解小鼠的高尿酸血症，这种作用可能与其调节肝脏XO活性、脂质积累和相关的肾脏转运蛋白有关；紫薯双酰基花色苷能够减轻小鼠体重，缓解小鼠脂质代谢紊乱，降低肝脏脂质积累和肝脏氧化应激，从而提高其胰岛素利用率和敏感性，同时能够降低血糖，减少高血糖的发生；此外，双酰基花色苷恢复了与肾脏果糖代谢有关的mRNA水平，并减轻了肾脏损伤和炎症。这项研究为紫薯双酰基花色苷对血糖和尿酸的双重调节机制及其作为功能食品在代谢综合征治疗中的应用提供了实验依据。关键词：紫薯双酰基花色苷;高血糖;高尿酸血症;代谢综合征;肾功能调节- 31
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发布时间：2023-04-14 -
供体肾微血栓和继发性受体血栓性微血管病对同种异体移植肾的影响：我们应该放松警惕吗？
摘要：为评估死亡供肾血栓和其诱导的受体血栓性微血管病（dir-TMA）对受体移植肾功能的影响，我们回顾性分析了33例活检病理显示微血栓的供体信息及受体预后。根据血栓累及肾小球范围是否大于50%，将33例供体分为弥漫血栓组（n=18）和局灶血栓组（n=15）。结果显示，弥漫血栓组的移植物延迟复功（DGF）发生率显著高于局灶血栓组（P=0.027），肾移植术后1个月，肾小球滤过率（eGFR）估值水平显著低于局灶血栓组（P=0.042）。此外，根据受体是否发生了dir-TMA，将33例受体进一步分为dir-TMA组（n=20）和non-dir-TMA组（n=13）。结果显示，dir-TMA 组受体肾移植术后0至9天的血小板和术后4天至1年的血红蛋白明显低于non-dir-TMA组；dir-TMA受体的DGF发生率高于non-dir-TMA组（50.0% vs. 15.4%，P=0.067），且肾移植术后1月、3月、6月和12月的肾功能均显著差于non-dir-TMA组。此外，根据受体是否接受血浆治疗，将20例发生dir-TMA的受体分为血浆治疗亚组和无血浆治疗亚组。分析表明，血浆治疗亚组受体在移植术后1月、3月、6月和12个月的肾功能均显著差于无血浆治疗亚组。综上，供肾弥漫血栓会增加受体DGF风险，但不影响移植肾功能。临床需关注发生dir-TMA受体的血小板和血红蛋白下降及肾功能恶化，有必要采用更多研究用以评估血浆疗法的效果。关键词：供肾血栓;血栓性微血管病;血小板减少;死亡供体;肾移植- 28
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发布时间：2023-04-14 -
Functional characterization of
piggyBac -like elements fromNilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)摘要：目的鉴定褐飞虱中的piggyBac类似元素并评估其转座活性。创新点 首次鉴定了褐飞虱中的piggyBac类似元素并发现NlPLE25具备转座活性。方法使用RepeatMasker和RepeatModeler软件预测褐飞虱基因组中的piggyBac类似元素序列。随后在S2细胞中测试了NlPLE25的切割活性，在Sf9细胞中测试了NlPLE25的转座能力。结论我们从褐飞虱基因组中鉴定出28个piggyBac类似元素。进一步分析NlPLE25发现其在昆虫细胞中引起精确的切除和转座。此外，我们还发现了NlPLE25与piggyBac转座子之间的交叉识别。关键词：褐飞虱;piggyBac类似元素;转座子;NlPlE25- 32
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发布时间：2022-05-30 -
Can SpRY recognize any PAM in human cells?
摘要：The application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) can be limited due to a lack of compatible protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences in the DNA regions of interest. Recently, SpRY, a variant of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), was reported, which nearly completely fulfils the PAM requirement. Meanwhile, PAMs for SpRY have not been well addressed. In our previous study, we developed the PAM Definition by Observable Sequence Excision (PAM-DOSE) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter system to study PAMs in human cells. Herein, we endeavored to identify the PAMs of SpRY with these two methods. The results indicated that 5'-NRN-3', 5'-NTA-3', and 5'-NCK-3' could be considered as canonical PAMs. 5'-NCA-3' and 5'-NTK-3' may serve as non-priority PAMs. At the same time, PAMs of 5'-NCC-3' and 5'-NTC-3' are not recommended for human cells. These findings provide further insights into the application of SpRY for human genome editing.关键词：CRISPR/Cas;SpRY;Protospacer adjacent motif (PAM);Recognize- 26
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发布时间：2022-05-30 -
Spirulina platensis aqueous extracts ameliorate colonic mucosal damage and modulate gut microbiota disorder in mice with ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress摘要：Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades. Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota disorder. These factors exacerbate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Spirulina platensis is a commercial alga with various biological activity that is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and beverage products. However, there have been few studies on the treatment of UC using S. platensis aqueous extracts (SP), and the underlying mechanism of action of SP against UC has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of SP on microbiota disorders in UC mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which it alleviates damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to establish a normal human colonic epithelial cell (NCM460) injury model and UC animal model. The mitochondrial membrane potential assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33258 were carried out to determine the effects of SP on the NCM460 cell injury model. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing were used to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of SP on UC in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro studies showed that SP alleviated DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury. SP also significantly reduced the excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential reduction after DSS challenge. In vivo studies indicated that SP administration could alleviate the severity of DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage compared with the control group. Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress was associated with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) post-SP treatment. SP improved gut microbiota disorder mainly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of TJs in the colon. Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SP against UC is based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction, inhibition of DSS-induced ROS production, and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and TJs in the colonic mucosal barrier.关键词：Spirulina platensis aqueous extracts;Ulcerative colitis;Oxidative stress;Inflammation;Antioxidant;Gut microbiota- 27
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发布时间：2022-05-30 -
Can SpRY recognize any PAM in human cells?
摘要：The application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) can be limited due to a lack of compatible protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences in the DNA regions of interest. Recently, SpRY, a variant of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), was reported, which nearly completely fulfils the PAM requirement. Meanwhile, PAMs for SpRY have not been well addressed. In our previous study, we developed the PAM Definition by Observable Sequence Excision (PAM-DOSE) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter system to study PAMs in human cells. Herein, we endeavored to identify the PAMs of SpRY with these two methods. The results indicated that 5'-NRN-3', 5'-NTA-3', and 5'-NCK-3' could be considered as canonical PAMs. 5'-NCA-3' and 5'-NTK-3' may serve as non-priority PAMs. At the same time, PAMs of 5'-NCC-3' and 5'-NTC-3' are not recommended for human cells. These findings provide further insights into the application of SpRY for human genome editing.关键词：CRISPR/Cas;SpRY;Protospacer adjacent motif (PAM);Recognize- 140
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发布时间：2022-05-30
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